In recent weeks, several Eastern European states have been targeted by cyberattacks attributed to Russia. Targets were hit primarily by disruptive denial of service campaigns on networks in Moldova, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Estonia, and Albania.

However, the attack on Montenegro's digital infrastructure proved to be the most devastating, which had several targets, including water supply systems, electrical systems, transportation services, and online governmental services. According to government officials, cyberattacks continue to target the information system of Montenegrin institutions, although no long-term effects are expected.

A Russian threat actor, dubbed the Cuba Ransomware Group, claimed responsibility for the attacks and stated it obtained 'financial documents, correspondence with bank employees, account movements, balance sheets, tax documents' from Montenegro's parliament on 19 August, Reuters reported.